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Joan
Miró/Works
and biography
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Painting
1925 |
Dutch
Interior Il
summer 1928 |
Seated
Woman I
February 27, 1939 |
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Joan Miró Ferra was born April 20, 1893, in Barcelona.
At the age of 14, he went to business school in Barcelona
and also attended La Lonja, the academy of fine arts,
in the same city. Upon completing three years of art
studies, he took a position as a clerk. After suffering
a nervous breakdown, he abandoned business and resumed
his art studies, attending Francesc Galí’s
Escola d’Art in Barcelona from 1912 to 1915. In
1917, he met Francis Picabia and the following year,
the dealer José Dalmau gave him his first solo
show at his gallery in Barcellona.
In 1920, Miró made his first trip to Paris, where
he met Pablo Picasso. From this time, Miró divided
his time between Paris and Montroig, Spain. In Paris,
he associated with the poets Max Jacob, Pierre Reverdy,
and Tristan Tzara and participated in Dada activities.
Dalmau organized Miró’s first solo show
in Paris, at the Galerie la Licorne in 1921. His work
was included in the Salon d’Automne of 1923. In
1924, Miró joined the Surrealist group. His solo
show at the Galerie Pierre, Paris, in 1925 was a major
Surrealist event; Miró was included in the first
Surrealist exhibition at the Galerie Pierre that same
year. He visited the Netherlands in 1928 and began a
series of paintings inspired by Dutch masters. This
year he also executed his first papiers collés
and collages. In 1929, he started his experiments in
lithography, and his first etchings date from 1933.
During the early 1930s, he made Surrealist sculptures
incorporating painted stones and found objects. In 1936,
Miró left Spain because of the civil war; he
returned in 1941.
Miró’s first major museum retrospective
was held at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1941.
That year, Miró began working in ceramics with
Josep Lloréns y Artigas and started to concentrate
on prints; from 1954 to 1958, he worked almost exclusively
in these two mediums. In 1958, Miró was given
a Guggenheim International Award for murals for the
UNESCO building in Paris. The following year, he resumed
painting, initiating a series of mural-sized canvases.
During the 1960s, he began to work intensively in sculpture.
Miró retrospective took place at the Grand Palais,
Paris, in 1974. In 1978, the Musée National d’Art
Moderne exhibited over 500 works in a major retrospective
of his drawings. Miró died December 25, 1983,
in Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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